To outsiders, the sight of an Amish buggy on a modern highway or a family working a field without a tractor is a striking anachronism. This visible separation from mainstream society sparks immediate curiosity about the rules that govern their lives. The list of “allowed” and “not allowed,” however, is more than just a set of restrictions; it is a carefully maintained boundary system designed to preserve their core values of community, humility, and separation from the world. The fascination with their rules often hints at a deeper, unspoken question about the cost of our own technological and social progress.

1. Transportation: Horse-and-Buggy is Allowed; Personal Automobile Ownership is Not

The horse and buggy is the most iconic symbol of Amish life. It is allowed because it enforces a limit on travel distance, keeping the community geographically tight-knit and reducing exposure to the temptations of distant cities. While they cannot own cars, Amish may hire “English” drivers for necessary trips, such as for medical appointments or hauling supplies, demonstrating a pragmatic flexibility within the rule.

2. Technology: Selective Use is Allowed; Grid-Dependent or Disruptive Technology is Not

Technology is not rejected outright but is evaluated through the lens of the Ordnung, the community’s unwritten rules. A device that strengthens the family or farm (like a pneumatic press run by an air compressor or a gas-powered washing machine) may be permitted. Technology that connects to the public grid, brings worldly influence into the home (television, internet), or fosters individualism (personal smartphones) is almost universally forbidden.

3. Electricity: Battery and Pneumatic Power are Often Allowed; Public Grid Connection is Not

Amish communities commonly use 12-volt battery systems for limited purposes like lighting buggies or powering flashlights. Compressed air or hydraulic power may run shop tools. Connection to the public electrical grid is prohibited as it creates dependence on the outside world and could enable a cascade of forbidden appliances, undermining the self-sufficient household.

4. Telephones: A Shared Community Phone Booth is Allowed; A Phone in the Home is Not

To facilitate necessary business and emergency communication, many districts allow a shared, often shed-enclosed, phone booth at the end of a lane. Placing a telephone in the home, however, is seen as an intrusion that would disrupt family time, invite gossip, and make it too easy to rely on outsiders instead of neighbors.

5. Clothing: Plain, Homemade Dress is Allowed; Fashionable, “Worldly” Clothing is Not

Amish dress is uniform, simple, and handmade, typically in dark, solid colors. This practice, known as “plain dress,” eliminates vanity and economic competition, reinforces group identity, and visually signals separation. Buttons, zippers, and prints are generally forbidden, with fastenings like hooks-and-eyes or straight pins used instead.

6. Photography: Being Photographed is Generally Not Allowed; Being Sketched or Painted Sometimes Is

Most Amish communities prohibit posed photography, citing the Biblical prohibition against graven images and the belief that photographs promote individual pride and vanity. Candid, long-distance photos may be tolerated but are often frowned upon. Some communities are more accepting of drawings or paintings, as they are seen as less literal representations.

7. Education: Schooling Until 8th Grade is Allowed; Public High School and University are Not

Amish children attend private, one-room schoolhouses, typically run by an Amish teacher. Education focuses on practical skills, reading, writing, and arithmetic, concluding with 8th grade. Higher education is believed to foster individualism, skepticism, and values that conflict with Amish humility and could pull young people away from the community.

8. Military Service: It is Not Allowed

Rooted in a deep commitment to non-resistance and pacifism, derived from the Anabaptist tradition, Amish are conscientious objectors. They believe that violence and warfare are contrary to the teachings of Jesus. During drafts, they seek alternative service in roles that benefit society without bearing arms.

9. Insurance: Community Mutual Aid is Allowed; Commercial Insurance is Not

Amish reject commercial life, health, and property insurance, viewing it as a lack of faith in God’s providence and the community’s support. Instead, they practice a system of mutual aid called “Amish Aid.” When a barn burns down or medical bills mount, the community gathers for a barn raising or holds a fund drive, covering costs collectively.

10. Home Decor: Functional, Simple Furnishings are Allowed; Ornate Decor is Not

Amish homes are characterized by cleanliness, order, and functionality. Walls are typically plain, with perhaps an instructional calendar or a family record. Decorative items like wallpaper, curtains, and artwork are avoided as expressions of pride and worldliness. Quality is expressed in craftsmanship, not ornamentation.

11. Legal and Government Interaction: Paying Taxes is Allowed; Holding Political Office is Not

The Amish believe in being “in the world, but not of it.” They pay all required taxes, including property, sales, and income taxes (though they often exempt themselves from Social Security, as they do not accept its benefits). They avoid participation in government, including voting, holding office, or serving on juries, to maintain political separation.

12. Music: A Cappella Singing in Worship is Allowed; Instrumental Music is Not

Congregational singing from the Ausbund, a traditional hymnbook, is central to Amish worship. The singing is slow and a cappella. Musical instruments are associated with worldly entertainment and personal pride, and are therefore prohibited in both church and home settings.

13. Divorce: It is Not Allowed

Marriage is a lifelong, sacred covenant. Divorce is prohibited by the Ordnung. The immense social pressure to reconcile, combined with the practical impossibility of living within the community while divorced, makes marital dissolution extraordinarily rare. Marital problems are addressed with the counsel of church leaders.

14. Business Practices: Owning a Business is Allowed; Aggressive Marketing is Not

Many Amish own successful businesses, from furniture shops to construction and farming operations. However, their marketing is typically word-of-mouth or simple, factual signage. Flashy advertising, self-promotion, and competitive business tactics are avoided as they conflict with the values of humility and community harmony.

15. Jewelry: It is Not Allowed

Wearing jewelry, including wedding rings, is forbidden. Like fashionable clothing, jewelry is seen as a focus on personal adornment and vanity, which draws attention to the individual and can create distinctions of wealth or status within the community. Plainness applies to the body as well as the home.