score standardization

**Score Standardization**

Score standardization is the process of transforming raw scores to a common scale that allows for meaningful comparison across different tests, measures, or populations. This technique is widely used in education, psychology, and data analysis to ensure consistency and interpretability. By converting scores to standardized values-such as z-scores, T-scores, or percentile ranks-researchers and educators can better understand individual performance relative to a group, identify outliers, and make data-driven decisions. Whether adjusting for differences in test difficulty or combining results from multiple sources, score standardization plays a crucial role in fair and accurate assessment.