affirmative action

**affirmative action**

Affirmative action refers to policies and practices designed to promote equal opportunity and increase the representation of historically marginalized groups in education, employment, and other areas. These measures aim to address past discrimination and social inequalities by considering factors such as race, gender, or ethnicity in decision-making processes. Affirmative action initiatives vary widely by country and institution and often spark important discussions about fairness, diversity, and inclusion.